
Imagine it’s 2040 – a future not too far away. Thanks to AI, the economy is booming, there are many new jobs, learning is flexible and easy to access, helping everyone move forward smoothly on their own career paths. Sounds perfect, right? But let’s face it, if Europe doesn’t take the right steps, its AI-powered future could also head down a completely different path, leaving many behind. Let’s take a look at a few not-so-great scenarios.
Two dystopian scenarios we definitely don’t want
In one imaginary 2040, AI has changed the workplace so much, it’s unrecognisable. Neither governments nor employers invest in workforce skills development, mostly leaving employees to figure it out on their own. Only tech-savvy people benefit, while others struggle to remain employed. As a result, their mental and physical health suffers – and so do their finances.
In another, even worse, scenario, AI technologies and automation have taken over every part of our lives and work. Now it’s not only the workplace that’s unrecognisable, but society as a whole. A few big players control the AI landscape, influencing policymakers, the economy and society. With AI taking over most tasks, people are losing their jobs in every sector and industry – and, faced with a disposable workforce, companies no longer care about developing their workers’ skills. Once again, workers are left to their own devices and struggle to keep up with technological advances. Trade unions also don’t have much power, so there’s no one to fight for workers’ rights and interests. There aren’t enough regulations or government oversight, so the power lies largely in the hands of those major players, threatening democracy and also harming the environment.
In these two scenarios, the AI revolution only benefits the lucky few, and the gap between tech-haves and tech-have-nots becomes a chasm. This isn’t just about individual workers failing to keep up, it’s a systematic failure in which the system decides who gets to learn and who doesn’t.
Slightly better? The ‘missed opportunity’ trap
There’s also another, less depressing scenario – one where AI uptake is modest but steady. Sounds safe, right? Not quite. If we don’t properly invest in skills development, even this modest path leads to a missed golden opportunity for innovation.
In this version of 2040, the pace of change might be manageable, but it doesn’t take full advantage of AI’s potential to improve social and economic conditions. For workers, a slow rollout means the exciting, creative roles usually coming from AI breakthroughs might never materialise, leaving people stuck in a stagnant job market. The most interesting tasks are taken by a small elite, leaving the rest with the mundane work – and wasted potential. As for employers, they might escape the chaos of rapid change, but they also miss out on efficiency gains and new products that could set them apart – risking stagnation simply because the system doesn’t support widespread, meaningful adoption.
These scenarios show that future skills development depends on teamwork. By encouraging ongoing skills training together, the EU can create a workforce ready for an AI world, turning tech progress into fair, sustainable benefits for everyone.
To find out more about the different scenarios, read the report ‘Preparing for 2040’. Want to read about a more positive AI future? Then take a look at our article on how the AI revolution is built for young jobseekers.
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Young and just starting your career? The AI revolution is built for you!
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Details
- Publication date
- 11 May 2026
- Authors
- European Labour Authority | Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
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