NEW LMI - Labour Market Information - Austria

National level - Austria

Labour market

As of 1 January 2024, about 9.2 million people lived in Austria. The gross domestic product per inhabitant was EUR 49 400 in 2022, 39.5% higher than the average of EUR 35 400 per inhabitant in the EU27. Between 2018 and 2022, the GDP per capita increased by 13%. 

Gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant, EUR

^{Note: nama_10r_2gdp, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu)}

In 2023, more than 4.7 million people were active on the labour market in Austria. The employment rate was 74.1%, 3.7 percentage points higher than the EU27 average and 1.1 percentage points higher compared to 2018. In 2023, for women, the employment rate was 70.3%, for men, the employment rate was 77.9%, and for youth, the employment rate was 53.1%, all above the EU average.

Employment rate (%)

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, data refer to working age population (15-64), youth age group (15-24)  Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu)}

In 2023, the unemployment rate was 0.4 percentage points higher than in 2022. In 2023, the unemployment rate returned to the level before the pandemic, when it equaled 4.9% in 2018, and 4.6% in 2019. The unemployment rate is consistently below the EU27 average. In 2023, it was 0.9 percentage points lower in Austria than in the EU27, nearly matching the EU27 average.

In 2023, 74.3% of the active workforce were from Austria, 11.7% from other EU Member States and 14 from third countries. In the EU27, as of 2023, the highest proportion of the workforce comes from the respective country (85% on average), while on average a smaller portion is from foreign countries (4.3% from other EU Member States, and 10.5% from third countries).

In 2022, most employees worked in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (19.7%), followed by manufacturing (19.6%), construction (9.8%) and accommodation and food service activities (8.6%). In terms of number of enterprises, most can be found in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (17.1%), professional, scientific and technical activities (16.8%), and human health and social work activities (13.7%).

In Austria, the highest proportion of employees (34.4%) worked in large companies with more than 250 employees. These companies accounted for only 0.3% of all enterprises in the country, with just 1 481 of such businesses. 34.4% of employees worked in large companies with more than 250 employees, which correspond to a majority of all enterprises (0.3%). 9.5% of persons employed work in companies with 10 to 19 employees, 11.2% of persons employed work in companies with 20 to 49 employees and 16.9% of persons employed work in companies with 50 to 249 employees.

Vacancies

In 2024, Austria reported 80 occupations in shortage with 42.5% experiencing a severe shortage. On the other hand, 294 occupations were found to be in surplus with 88.44% facing a severe surplus.

Occupations in shortage and surplus by sector (ISCO-2 Level)

Job vacancy rate

Regarding the job vacancy rate (defined as the number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of the total sum of occupied posts and job vacancies), in 2023 this was 4.7% in the industry, construction and services sector, 1.9 percentage points higher than the EU27 on average. This rate has increased by 0.6 percentage points compared to 2022, and it is still above the situation before 2020, when it stood only at 3.4%.

The sectors with the highest vacancy rates were human health and social work activities, education, arts, entertainment and recreation, public administration and defence; compulsory social security and administrative and support services.

Wages

Minimum wage

Austria does not have a statutory minimum wage and relies on collective bargaining to set wage floors. As collective bargaining in Austria is high at 98% (OECD-ICTWSS), most workers are covered by some form of wage floor.

Monthly average gross and net earnings

In 2023, the gross average earnings of a single person stood at EUR 4 757, while the EU27 average was EUR 3 417. The equivalent net wage was EUR 3 205 in Austria, compared to EUR 2351 in the EU27. Compared to 2018, gross average earnings increased by 21.3% in Austria and by 19.8% in the EU27. During the same period, the net wages have increased by 21.5% in Austria and by 22.1% in the EU27.

^{Note: earn_nt_net, Single person earning 100% average, annual rates transformed into 12 monthly payments. Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu)}

Trends

Go directly to Ageing workforce | Digital transition | Expected growing or declining sectors | Female labour market participation | Flexible work arrangements | Green transition | Immigration | Insufficient job offers for jobseekers to find jobs | Insufficient number of jobseekers with the required skills | Issues related to remuneration | Other | Outmigration | Platform work | Skills that are expected to increase or decline in demand | Traineeships, internships and apprenticeships | Unemployment | Workers with disabilities | Workers' and employers' preferences on employment and working conditions don't match | Widely used job portals

Ageing workforce

The ageing workforce in Austria is a growing concern, with a significant portion of the population approaching retirement age. In 2024, this trend is expected to continue, with older employees remaining in the labour market for longer. This demographic shift presents both challenges and opportunities. The Austrian labour market is seeing increased participation of older workers, particularly in sectors such as healthcare and education. Employers are encouraged to adapt workplace conditions and invest in lifelong learning to retain skilled older workers. The Austrian Employment Service (AMS) provides support through targeted training programs and assistance for both job seekers and employers seeking to integrate older employees into their workforce. EURES also plays a role in helping employers find workers across the EU, and older job seekers are encouraged to explore opportunities both within Austria and across Europe.

^{WKO; Statistiks Austria_Labour-market/labour-force-projections; AMS Forschungsnetzwerk}

Digital transition

Digital Transition in Austria’s Labour Market (2024). The digital transition is a key driver of change in Austria’s labour market in 2024. Demand for IT professionals, particularly in fields such as artificial intelligence, data analysis, and cybersecurity, continues to rise. Many sectors, including finance, retail, and manufacturing, are increasingly adopting digital solutions, creating new roles while automating routine tasks. Jobseekers should focus on upskilling in digital competencies, as these are highly valued across industries. Continuous learning in areas like programming, data science, or cloud computing can enhance employability. For employers, the challenge lies in attracting and retaining talent with specialized digital skills. Offering competitive benefits and opportunities for professional growth can be crucial in this competitive market. Both jobseekers and employers must adapt quickly to these changes to stay ahead. By doing so, they can leverage the opportunities brought about by digital innovation while mitigating risks like skills shortages and job displacement.

^OECD

Expected growing or declining sectors

In Austria, several sectors are expected to experience growth in the coming years, offering potential opportunities for jobseekers and employers. According to the WIFO forecast, Austria’s economy is expected to recover gradually after a slow 2024, with a projected GDP growth of 1.5% in 2025. Key drivers include a rebound in private consumption and increased exports, especially to the EU and CEEC regions​. Sectors such as green technologies, digital industries, and energy transition are anticipated to see growth, as businesses invest more in sustainability and technology. Healthcare and education are also expanding due to demographic trends and increasing demand for services. However, the HORECA (Hospitality and Restaurant Sector) is facing challenges, especially in terms of staff shortages, which are expected to persist due to increasing competition and the need for skilled workers. The sector offers opportunities for those looking for flexible work or entry-level positions, especially in tourism-heavy regions like Carinthia, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, and Vienna.

Female labour market participation

In Austria, female labour market participation continues to grow, but challenges remain. As of 2024, approximately 71% of women are employed, which is higher than the EU average. However, women still face obstacles such as pay gaps and underrepresentation in leadership roles. The labour force participation rate for women is expected to increase slightly by 2025, supported by family-friendly policies and flexible working conditions. However, sectoral gender segregation persists, with women more concentrated in part-time, service, and care sectors. Employers can play a role in closing these gaps by offering more opportunities for women in high-paying, leadership positions. The AMS supports job seekers with specific programs and advice for women entering or re-entering the workforce.

^{genderportal.eu; WIFO_Gender-equality-in-the-labour-market/; bundeskanzleramt.gv.at}

Flexible work arrangements (related to e.g. working time, place of work or type of contract)

In Austria, flexible work arrangements are increasingly common, driven by both employee demand for better work-life balance and advancements in technology. Notably, teleworking and flexitime options are growing, especially in sectors like IT, customer service, and research. Employers are encouraged to adopt flexible working hours, such as part-time, flexitime, and job sharing, while remote work remains popular. The introduction of laws like the Remote Work Act has clarified employer responsibilities, such as providing equipment and ensuring health and safety. For instance, Austrian law now allows up to 12-hour working days under certain flexitime arrangements​. ​This shift, alongside an emphasis on digital work solutions, provides more opportunities for flexibility, though it still requires clear agreements between employers and employees​. The AMS offers support to both jobseekers and employers navigating these changes.

Working from home (%)

Green Transition

Green Transition in Austria’s Labour Market: Key Insights for Jobseekers and Employers Austria’s move towards a greener economy is transforming its job market. This shift, driven by the European Green Deal and national climate goals, is increasing demand for green skills across various sectors, including construction, energy, waste management, and agriculture. Jobseekers should be prepared to upskill or reskill, focusing on both technical abilities, such as engineering and environmental science, and soft skills like problem-solving and project management. Opportunities for Employers Employers need to adapt by investing in sustainable business practices and training. The construction sector, for instance, sees growth in eco-building and retrofitting, while industries like agriculture benefit from innovations in sustainable farming. Moreover, new roles, such as sustainability consultants and circular economy specialists, are emerging. For jobseekers, pursuing careers in these areas offers long-term stability, as Austria accelerates its green initiatives. Employers are encouraged to engage with programs like EURES for recruitment and support in navigating these changes: CEDEFOP

Immigration (from the EU, from third countries)

In Austria, immigration continues to play a crucial role in addressing skills shortages and filling job vacancies. In 2024, Austria is seeing increasing numbers of workers, especially from the EU and third countries, moving to fill positions in sectors such as healthcare, technology, and skilled trades. The introduction of the Red-White-Red Card, which facilitates entry for qualified workers, is supporting this trend. The Austrian Public Employment Service (AMS) provides assistance to employers and jobseekers through its EURES network, which helps to match job vacancies with EU-citizen candidates​. Additionally, many companies are tapping into the talent pool from neighbouring countries like Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina to meet growing demand in certain industries. For both jobseekers and employers, EURES Austria offers guidance and practical support for navigating the Austrian labour market, especially for those looking to hire or find opportunities in areas with a high demand for foreign EU citizens’ workers.

^{EURES Austria; Work in Austria; Migration Austria;}

Insufficient job offers for jobseekers to find jobs

In Austria, a shortage of job offers in certain sectors, including hospitality (Horeca), is evident in 2024. Employers are facing difficulties in finding workers for positions such as chefs, waitstaff, and cleaners, especially during peak tourist seasons​. However, EURES services in Austria assist both jobseekers and employers in addressing these challenges. The EURES network provides support for recruitment across the EU, facilitating matching of workers with employers​. Employers in these sectors can utilize EURES to attract a wider pool of talent, while jobseekers can access EU-wide opportunities with guidance and job fairs.

Insufficient number of jobseekers with the required skills

In Austria, there is a growing gap between the skills jobseekers possess and the skills employers require. Many sectors, such as healthcare, construction, horeca sector and IT, face significant skill shortages, with an increasing demand for professionals like nurses, engineers, horeca staff in all areas and software developers. This trend is driven by factors such as the digital and green transitions, as well as demographic changes. In response, EURES Austria plays a crucial role in addressing these mismatches by connecting skilled jobseekers from other EU-countries with employers in need. To help bridge this gap, the AMS offers various support programs, including tailored job matching and upskilling opportunities. Jobseekers are encouraged to enhance their qualifications in high-demand fields, which could lead to more job opportunities​

Issues related to remuneration (e.g. minimum wage, living wage, subsidies)

In Austria, the minimum wage is usually determined through collective agreements in specific sectors. These agreements establish wage levels based on industry standards and employee experience. For example, the horeca (hotel, restaurant, and catering) sector often includes agreements that ensure fair wages, with some positions guaranteed minimum wages and benefits, including holiday and Christmas bonuses. EURES in Austria offers valuable support to both employers and jobseekers, providing information and guidance about employment laws, including remuneration practices across various sectors. Employers can find information about how to align their pay practices with collective agreements, while jobseekers can access advice about their rights and wage expectations. The Austrian government and organizations like AMS and the Economic Chamber also offer advice on improving salary conditions, especially in sectors like horeca, where employee shortages are common.

Other

Jobs in the HORECA sector in Austria are very popular across the EU. These positions often include accommodation and meals, along with full insurance coverage. The 13th and 14th salaries are prorated, making the overall compensation attractive. Employers are increasingly open to hiring couples, making these opportunities even more appealing. Working in the HORECA sector also offers a great chance to boost your CV with international experience and language skills. The season typically runs from November to Easter, but year-round positions are becoming more common.

Austria is Calling – Be part of it! Contact us for more details! For more information, you can contact

• EURES Austria: eures [dot] austriaams [dot] at (eures[dot]austria[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Burgenland: eures [dot] burgenlandams [dot] at (eures[dot]burgenland[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Kärnten: eures [dot] kaerntenams [dot] at (eures[dot]kaernten[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Niederösterreich: eures [dot] niederoesterreichams [dot] at (eures[dot]niederoesterreich[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Oberösterreich: eures [dot] oberoesterreichams [dot] at (eures[dot]oberoesterreich[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Salzburg: eures [dot] salzburgams [dot] at (eures[dot]salzburg[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Steiermark: eures [dot] steiermarkams [dot] at (eures[dot]steiermark[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Tirol: eures [dot] tirolams [dot] at (eures[dot]tirol[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Vorarlberg: eures [dot] vorarlbergams [dot] at (eures[dot]vorarlberg[at]ams[dot]at)
• EURES Wien: eures [dot] wienams [dot] at (eures[dot]wien[at]ams[dot]at)

Outmigration

Outmigration from Austria has seen an increase in 2023, with more people leaving the country compared to previous years. This trend primarily involves young, skilled professionals seeking better opportunities abroad, particularly in neighbouring EU countries. However, Austria still remains a hub for immigration, attracting skilled workers, especially from the EU and third countries, due to its robust economy and high-quality job offers. In response to this, EURES Austria supports both employers and job seekers by connecting them to cross-border opportunities. EURES facilitates the recruitment process and encourages international mobility for workers looking to fill skill gaps in various sectors.

^{OENB; Statistiks Austria}

Platform work

Platform work is growing in Austria, offering flexibility but also presenting challenges such as uncertain income and limited worker protections. Around 5% of the workforce engages in platform-based jobs, especially in urban areas. These roles are prevalent in delivery services, ride-hailing, and freelance digital tasks. For jobseekers, platform work can provide immediate earning opportunities but requires self-management and planning for taxes or social security. Employers benefit from a scalable workforce but must navigate regulatory compliance and fair work practices. The AMS provides support through information and counseling to help jobseekers understand their rights and obligations in platform work.

^{WIFO, Forschungsnetzwerk AMS}

Skills that are expected to increase or decline in demand

In Austria, key skills in demand for 2024 and beyond include engineering, IT, and healthcare professions such as nurses and social workers. Particularly in the HORECA sector, demand for skilled chefs, waitstaff, and seasonal tourism workers continues to grow. The digital transition is increasing the need for tech-related skills, while sectors like construction and energy engineering are also expected to see a rise in job opportunities. EURES Austria supports employers in finding skilled workers. Jobseekers can benefit from services that connect them to these growing sectors.

Traineeships, internships and apprenticeships

In Austria, traineeships, internships, and apprenticeships are key to integrating young people into the labour market. The dual vocational training system is especially prominent, combining 80% practical experience in companies with 20% theoretical learning at vocational schools. This system supports a wide range of industries, from technical fields like engineering to service-oriented sectors like retail​. For example, the “apprenticeship with Matura” model allows apprentices to gain a vocational qualification alongside the option to pursue higher education​. This system is highly regarded internationally for its effectiveness in preparing young workers for stable careers​. The Austrian Labour Market Service (Public Employment Service AMS) supports job seekers by offering advice on available internships and apprenticeships. For job seekers and employers, the AMS also facilitates access to various funding and programs related to vocational training.

^{Bildung_und_Ausbildung_Österreich; AMS_Trainee Info; Federal Ministry of Labour; Workinaustria_your-personal-guide/education/dual-vocational-training/}

Unemployment (e.g. long-term, youth, female, structural or low-skilled)

In Austria, unemployment rates have been relatively low compared to the EU average, but challenges remain, particularly with long-term unemployment and youth unemployment. In 2024, the unemployment rate is expected to stay under 5%, with a notable effort from the Austrian Public Employment Service (AMS) to reduce long-term unemployment, which disproportionately affects older workers and those with lower qualifications. Specific sectors like hospitality (HORECA) have seen an increasing need for workers, providing opportunities for jobseekers. EURES Austria plays a key role in addressing these challenges by facilitating job mobility within the EU, offering resources to help connect employers with potential employees, especially in high-demand sectors like HORECA

Workers with disabilities

In Austria, employment opportunities for workers with disabilities are growing, supported by legal frameworks such as the Disability Employment Act. Companies with 25 or more employees are required to hire one person with a disability for every 25 employees, or pay a compensation tax. However, the system could be more effective if the tax were increased, as current rates are considered insufficient by disability advocacy groups​. Moreover, Austria promotes inclusive workplaces through initiatives like the “Netzwerk Berufliche Assistenz” (NEBA), which provides assistance for both employers and employees with disabilities​. As part of its commitment to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Austria continues to focus on improving accessibility and reducing stigma in the workplace​. For employers, these regulations ensure a growing pool of talent and support to make the workplace more inclusive, while job seekers with disabilities are encouraged to explore the many resources available. The Austrian Public Employment Service (AMS) also provides specific assistance to integrate workers with disabilities.

^{European Centre dor social welfare policy; Sozialministerium Österreich; Disability_Austria}

Workers’ and employers’ preferences on employment and working conditions don’t match

In Austria, a growing mismatch between workers’ and employers’ preferences regarding employment and working conditions, particularly in the HORECA sector, has been observed. Companies in hospitality face challenges in attracting skilled workers, especially for roles like chefs, hotel staff, and service workers. However, Austrian employers are increasingly adjusting by offering more flexible working conditions, including improved work-life balance, better wages, and enhanced apprenticeship opportunities. In sectors like IT and finance, there is also a strong demand for flexibility in working hours and locations, with many companies offering remote work options or experimenting with compressed workweeks to meet employee expectations. EURES Austria plays a key role in bridging this gap by providing guidance, and job placement assistance to both jobseekers and employers. These initiatives aim to help align the demands of both parties, fostering positive outcomes for the workforce and the economy. AMS;

These insights are based on reports from WKO, AMS, and European sources

In 2023, more than 4.7 million people were active on the labour market in Austria. The employment rate was 74.1%, 3.7 percentage points higher than the EU27 average and 1.1 percentage points higher compared to 2018. In 2023, for women, the employment rate was 70.3%, for men, the employment rate was 77.9%, and for youth, the employment rate was 53.1%,all above the EU average.

Widely Used Job Portals

Burgenland

With 301 250 inhabitants, Burgenland represented about 3.3% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Burgenland was 98.6% of the EU27 average, well below the national average of 139.5%.

Burgenland’s labour market is diverse, with strong economic activities in sectors like tourism, agriculture, manufacturing, and construction. Employers in the region typically recruit both locally and from abroad. The region has a notable seasonal labour market, particularly in tourism and agriculture. While many companies use the national language German for communication, some international employers are open to English and other languages. Educational institutions, such as the University of Applied Sciences Burgenland, supply a skilled workforce, especially in technology and business sectors. Recruitment times can vary, but some sectors, like construction, may have shorter hiring cycles, especially during peak demand.

In 2023, more than 148 800 people were active in the labour market in Burgenland. 35.8% had tertiary education, 53.2% had secondary education, and 11.1% had primary education. The employment rate in Burgenland was 54.8 % in 2023, 3.8 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.3 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 50.6%, men had an employment rate of 59.2%, and for the youth the employment rate was 50.2%, all below the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Burgenland was 5.2% in 2023, 0.1 points higher than the national average in the same year and an increase from 4.3% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Vacancies are most prominent in tourism, healthcare, construction, and retail. Employers are looking for skilled workers in hospitality management, construction engineers, healthcare professionals (nurses, doctors), and retail staff. Companies vary in size, with large corporations and medium-sized enterprises offering stable job opportunities. The demand for apprentices is also high, especially in trade and retail sectors, where hands-on skills are valued. Digital skills and technical expertise are increasingly sought after, especially for positions in IT and engineering.

Labour shortages and surpluses

There are significant labour shortages in certain areas. For example, construction workers (particularly skilled trades like electricians and plumbers) and healthcare workers (nurses and doctors) are in high demand. These shortages are structural and are expected to persist due to demographic changes and a high demand for infrastructure development in the region. The tourism sector also faces challenges in attracting staff, particularly in the summer and winter seasons. Seasonal jobs in agriculture, like farmworkers and harvesters, also experience fluctuating demand throughout the year.

Labour surpluses in Burgenland are most evident in sectors like manufacturing, where automation is reducing the need for manual labour. Workers in low-skilled positions, especially those in older age groups, may face challenges finding stable employment.

Niederösterreich

With 1 718 373 inhabitants, Niederösterreich represented about 18.9% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Niederösterreich was 118.4% of the EU27 average, well below the national average of 139.5%.

Lower Austria has a well-diversified economy, with strong sectors including manufacturing, agriculture, renewable energy, tourism, and services. Many large employers are found in the industrial zones near Vienna, as well as in the agricultural areas of the region. Employers often recruit locally, but they are also open to hiring from abroad, especially in sectors like IT, engineering, and tourism. The region’s labour market is affected by seasonal employment, particularly in agriculture and tourism. There are also opportunities for telework, especially in administrative, IT, and financial sectors. The working language is generally German, although companies involved in international business often require English or other languages.

In 2023, more than 876 600 people were active in the labour market in Niederösterreich. 38% had tertiary education, 50.8% had secondary education, and 11.2% had primary education. The employment rate in Niederösterreich was 58 % in 2023, 0.6 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.2 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 53.5%, men had an employment rate of 62.7%, and for the youth the employment rate was 55.2%. The employment rates for women and men were below the national average, while the employment rate for the youth was above the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Niederösterreich was 4.3% in 2023, 0.8 points lower than the national average in the same year and an increase from 3.9% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Currently, there is a high demand for workers in sectors such as healthcare (especially nurses and caregivers), IT, and skilled trades (e.g., electricians, mechanics). Large companies, particularly in the industrial and technological sectors, are recruiting for engineers, technicians, and IT specialists. Employers seek workers with strong technical skills, language proficiency (especially German and English), and flexibility in terms of working hours. Many companies are also offering more flexible work patterns, including part-time positions and opportunities for teleworking.

Labour shortages and surpluses

The region faces significant labour shortages, particularly in healthcare and skilled trades. Occupations such as nurses, healthcare assistants, and engineering specialists are in high demand, and the shortage is expected to grow due to demographic changes and technological advances. The tourism industry also experiences seasonal shortages, especially in the summer months, requiring workers for hospitality and related services. The demand for digital skills, especially in software development and data analysis, is also growing. These shortages are seen as structural, driven by both aging demographics and the ongoing digital transformation.

The region has some surplus workers in administrative roles, especially among older workers or those with lower qualification levels. While these individuals often face challenges in mobility due to family or location constraints, there is potential for attracting these workers to vacancies in other regions or abroad, especially in sectors like retail or call centres. Gender and age are factors influencing these surpluses, with a higher proportion of surplus workers being women and older employees. The mobility of these workers can be limited, but with targeted retraining programs, some may find new opportunities in emerging industries​.

Wien

With 1 982 097 inhabitants, Wien represented about 21.8% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Wien was 159.9% of the EU27 average, well above the national average of 139.5%.

Vienna is Austria’s economic hub, characterized by a diverse and stable labour market. The city is a leader in services, including finance, ICT, healthcare, and tourism, with large multinational companies and institutions like the University of Vienna and the Technical University of Vienna supplying a skilled workforce. Recruitment patterns often focus on highly qualified professionals, with companies typically seeking expertise in IT, healthcare, and finance. While many companies prefer local talent, there is also significant international recruitment, especially in sectors like technology and engineering. The primary working language is German, but English is increasingly used, particularly in international firms. Many employers offer flexible working conditions, including telework options. Seasonal employment is common in tourism, especially in summer and winter.

In 2023, more than 1 024 900 people were active in the labour market in Wien. 48.2% had tertiary education, 36.8% had secondary education, and 15% had primary education. The employment rate in Wien was 55.7 % in 2023, 2.9 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.3 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 51.1%, men had an employment rate of 60.7%, and for the youth the employment rate was 42.7%, all below the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Wien was 9.6% in 2023, 4.5 points higher than the national average in the same year and an increase from 9.2% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Current vacancies in Vienna are concentrated in several sectors: Technology: Software developers, systems analysts, and IT technicians are in high demand. Many companies, including startups and established firms in the tech sector, look for skilled workers. Healthcare: Nurses, healthcare professionals, and medical technicians are essential to meet the growing demands of an aging population. Finance and Business: Accountants, financial analysts, and consultants are frequently sought by the many global firms headquartered in Vienna. Construction: Engineers, architects, and skilled workers such as carpenters and electricians are needed, particularly for infrastructure projects. Skills in digital transformation, project management, and healthcare services are particularly valued. There is also a rising demand for workers with multilingual abilities.

Labour shortages and surpluses

The main labour shortages in Vienna are driven by technological advancements and demographic changes: ICT Sector: Software developers, systems analysts, and data scientists are in high demand due to the digital transformation of many industries. Healthcare: Due to the aging population, there is a growing need for nurses and medical professionals, which is becoming a structural shortage. Skilled Trades: Carpenters, electricians, and engineers are also facing shortages, with many companies struggling to fill these positions. Hospitality and Tourism: Seasonal shortages occur, particularly for waiters, cooks, and service staff, especially during peak seasons in summer and winter. These shortages are likely to persist, driven by both the ongoing need for digital expertise and the demographic shifts in the population.

There are some labour surpluses in Vienna, primarily in areas where jobseekers lack the required skills or experience: Low-skilled Workers: There is a surplus of low-skilled workers, particularly in the hospitality sector. These individuals often face challenges due to high turnover rates, and physical demands. Older Workers: Some older workers may face difficulties in adapting to the demands of newer, tech-heavy roles. However, with proper retraining, these workers could transition into areas like customer service or administrative positions. Workers with Limited Mobility: Those who are less flexible or unwilling to relocate may struggle to fill roles in high-demand regions outside Vienna.

Kärtnen

With 568 984 inhabitants, Kärnten represented about 6.2% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Kärnten was 123.2% of the EU27 average, well below the national average of 139.5%.

Kärnten is a diverse region with a strong industrial base, particularly in sectors like automotive manufacturing, electronics, energy, and tourism. The economy is supported by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as some larger multinational companies. Additionally, tourism plays a significant role, especially in the southern part of the region, near the Alps and lakes. The regional labour market is also influenced by seasonal employment, particularly in the tourism and agriculture sectors, which can lead to temporary vacancies during peak periods (summer/winter seasons). Local recruitment is often emphasized, but companies also look for foreign workers, especially for specialized skills.

The working language in most companies is German, but international firms in sectors like IT and engineering may use English. Many companies are beginning to offer teleworking options, especially in the wake of the pandemic, although it remains more common in urban areas.

In 2023, more than 277 100 people were active in the labour market in Kärnten. 36.3% had tertiary education, 52.8% had secondary education, and 10.9% had primary education. The employment rate in Kärnten was 54.7 % in 2023, 3.9 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.2 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 50.2%, men had an employment rate of 59.6%, and for the youth the employment rate was 51.4%, all below the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Kärnten was 4.5% in 2023, 0.6 points lower than the national average in the same year and equal to the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Vacancies are primarily available in engineering, healthcare, IT, and construction. Specific roles in high demand include software developers, mechanical engineers, and healthcare professionals like nurses and medical doctors. Many openings are in large companies, but there are also opportunities in growing SMEs, particularly in the tech and green energy sectors. Companies are seeking candidates with specialized skills, such as proficiency in digital technologies, project management, and advanced technical expertise. Skills required: Digital literacy, proficiency in engineering tools, knowledge of renewable energy, and fluency in German, with English as a plus in international firms.

Labour shortages and surpluses

Kärnten faces structural labour shortages in specific areas, particularly in healthcare, IT, and construction. Nurses, physicians, and medical staff are especially needed, with vacancies expected to continue growing due to demographic shifts and the aging population. Similarly, technical jobs in IT (especially software development and cybersecurity) and engineering are in high demand, with employers struggling to find qualified professionals. Labour shortages are also linked to seasonal fluctuations in tourism and agriculture, leading to temporary shortages of workers during the peak seasons (e.g., winter season and summer season).

The region has a surplus of workers in some areas, particularly in retail and administrative roles. These surplus workers tend to be older, and the region faces challenges in attracting younger workers to replace them. Additionally, workers in manual labour positions, especially those without specific technical qualifications, are finding it harder to secure employment as companies seek more skilled workers. Workers in surplus roles tend to be less mobile.

Steiermark

With 1 265 198 inhabitants, Steiermark represented about 13.9% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Steiermark was 126% of the EU27 average, well below the national average of 139.5%.

Steiermark’s economy is diverse, with strong sectors like manufacturing, automotive, technology, and agriculture. The region is home to various high-tech industries, and innovation plays a key role in its future. In terms of recruitment, employers in Steiermark tend to focus on a mix of local talent and international recruitment, especially in high-skill areas like IT and engineering. Companies, particularly those in urban centres like Graz, also embrace English as a working language due to international partnerships. While Steiermark does experience seasonal work, especially in agriculture and tourism, more permanent and tech-driven positions are rising. Many companies in Steiermark also offer teleworking options, particularly in digital and service sectors.

In 2023, more than 653 500 people were active in the labour market in Steiermark. 35.3% had tertiary education, 52.7% had secondary education, and 12% had primary education. The employment rate in Steiermark was 58.3 % in 2023, 0.3 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.2 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 53.8%, men had an employment rate of 63.1%, and for the youth the employment rate was 55.4%. The employment rates for women and men were below the national average, while the employment rate for the youth was above the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Steiermark was 4.3% in 2023, 0.8 points lower than the national average in the same year and an increase from 3.7% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

In Steiermark, there is high demand for skilled professionals, especially in engineering (mechanical, electrical, and civil), IT (software development, cybersecurity), and healthcare (nurses, medical practitioners). Positions are also available in manufacturing and logistics. Large companies, as well as SMEs, are looking for candidates with strong technical expertise and digital skills. In the tourism sector, especially in alpine regions, there is demand for seasonal workers in hospitality, management, and customer service. The work environment tends to be structured with a mix of permanent and temporary positions, with flexible work arrangements available in certain sectors​

Labour shortages and surpluses

Steiermark faces several structural labour shortages, particularly in highly skilled areas such as engineering, IT (e.g., software developers, data analysts), and healthcare (e.g., nursing staff). These shortages are expected to grow through 2030, as the region continues to experience an increase in industrial automation and digital transformation. Seasonal jobs, particularly in tourism and agriculture, also struggle with recruitment, especially in the southern parts of the region, where agricultural work peaks in the summer. The shortage of skilled workers in these sectors is aggravated by competition from other regions and countries Labour surpluses are primarily found in lower-skilled sectors, such as administrative support and manual labour roles. Many of the surplus workers are older or have limited mobility, which affects their ability to shift to growing sectors like tech and engineering. Workers in administrative roles or retail often struggle to find new positions that match their skills, which can lead to mismatches in the job market.

Oberösterreich

With 1 522 825 inhabitants, Oberösterreich represented about 16.7% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Oberösterreich was 143.2% of the EU27 average, above the national average of 139.5%.

Oberösterreich has a diverse economy, driven by industries such as manufacturing, high-tech, and tourism. The region is home to large employers in machinery, electronics, and automotive sectors, and benefits from strong industrial clusters. Employers often recruit from both local and international talent, particularly in fields like engineering, IT, and business services. Major universities and technical institutions such as the Johannes Kepler University Linz provide a steady stream of skilled workers. While permanent employment dominates, there is also a seasonal demand for workers in tourism and agriculture. The working language in many companies is German, but international firms also use English. Remote work options are increasing, especially in IT and business consulting.

In 2023, more than 808 700 people were active in the labour market in Oberösterreich. 33.8% had tertiary education, 51.2% had secondary education, and 15% had primary education. The employment rate in Oberösterreich was 61.4 % in 2023, 2.8 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.2 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 56.5%, men had an employment rate of 66.5%, and for the youth the employment rate was 60.6%, all above the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Oberösterreich was 3.5% in 2023, 1.6 points lower than the national average in the same year and an increase from 2.9% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Vacancies in Oberösterreich are particularly prevalent in the manufacturing and technology sectors, with strong demand for engineers (mechanical, electrical, software), IT professionals, and skilled technicians. Other sectors such as healthcare, education, and tourism are also actively hiring. Employers range from multinational companies to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Skills in digital transformation, automation, and green technologies are increasingly sought after, with flexible work arrangements offered in many industries

Labour shortages and surpluses

The region faces significant labour shortages in technicalfields, particularly in engineering (mechanical, electrical, civil), IT (software developers, cybersecurity), and healthcare (nurses, medical staff). These shortages are structural, driven by an aging population and rapid technological advancement. The tourismsector also sees seasonal shortages, especially for hospitality workers during peak seasons. Shortages in skilled trades like electricians and welders are notable across the region.

There are surplus workers in lower-skilled sectors such as retail and administrative support, with challenges in mobility due to these workers’ geographical location and lack of specific skills for higher-demand jobs. These surplus workers tend to be older or less skilled and may face challenges transitioning into other sectors.

Salzburg

With 568 346 inhabitants, Salzburg represented about 6.2% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Salzburg was 166.4% of the EU27 average, well above the national average of 139.5%.

Salzburg’s labour market is diverse, with strong economic sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, and services. It is known for a high concentration of seasonal and temporary employment, especially in tourism, which dominates in the winter and summer months. The region’s recruitment patterns are often local, but employers also seek skilled workers from abroad, particularly in hospitality, technology, and high-level management roles. English is commonly spoken in international companies, but German is the primary language in most workplaces. Salzburg has a significant presence of educational institutions like the University of Salzburg, which contributes to the highly educated workforce. Employers also tend to offer flexible work models, with an increasing number of telework opportunities, particularly in IT and consulting sectors

In 2023, more than 302 700 people were active in the labour market in Salzburg. 36.6% had tertiary education, 52% had secondary education, and 11.4% had primary education. The employment rate in Salzburg was 61.7 % in 2023, 3.1 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.2 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 57.1%, men had an employment rate of 66.5%, and for the youth the employment rate was 59.4%, all above the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Salzburg was 3% in 2023, 2.1 points lower than the national average in the same year and equal to the previous year.

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Vacancies

Vacancies in Salzburg are often found in sectors like tourism (e.g., hotel staff, restaurant management), manufacturing (e.g., engineers, machine operators), and healthcare (e.g., nurses, medical assistants). Due to the region’s tourism-driven economy, there is also high demand for seasonal workers in hospitality and guest services, particularly in ski resorts and hotels during the peak seasons. For these roles, skills in customer service, foreign languages (especially English), and hospitality management are in demand. Employers range from small family-owned businesses to larger international corporations, and they often seek candidates with flexibility in work hours, including shifts and weekend work.

Labour shortages and surpluses

Labour shortages are most prominent in hospitality, healthcare, and skilled trades. Specifically, there is a consistent need for skilled chefs, hotel managers, wait staff, and healthcare professionals. Seasonal jobs in tourism, especially in the ski areas, also face ongoing challenges in recruitment due to the short-term nature of the work. This shortage is structural, linked to the cyclical nature of tourism in the region, but also worsened by an ageing population and increasing demands in healthcare. There is also a demand for skilled trades in manufacturing, particularly in engineering and electrical fields.

Labour surpluses in Salzburg are typically found in fields where automation or technology has reduced demand. This includes some administrative roles or unskilled positions in manufacturing. Workers in these surpluses are often older or have lower mobility due to the specific skills required for their previous roles. However, many of them show a strong inclination towards retraining in newer fields, such as IT, healthcare, or tourism, where opportunities are more abundant​.

Tirol

With 771 304 inhabitants, Tirol represented about 8.5% of the population in Austria in 2023.

The gross domestic product per capita, adjusted for price levels (PPS) in Tirol was 144.6% of the EU27 average, above the national average of 139.5%.

Tirol’s economy is primarily based on tourism, industry, and agriculture. The region is known for its strong tourism sector, which drives seasonal employment, especially in hospitality, catering, and travel services. Major employers are in the tourism, construction, and manufacturing sectors. Recruitment often focuses on seasonal workers during peak times in the tourism industry. Many employers look for employees from both local and international sources. Companies in Tirol generally work in German, although English is also widely spoken, especially in international businesses. Teleworking options are becoming more common but are still limited in industries like hospitality.

In 2023, more than 414 200 people were active in the labour market in Tirol. 33.8% had tertiary education, 51.9% had secondary education, and 14.3% had primary education. The employment rate in Tirol was 62 % in 2023, 3.4 percentage points higher than the national average in Austria and 0.1 percentage points higher compared to 2022.

The employment rate for women in 2023 was 57.9%, men had an employment rate of 66.2%, and for the youth the employment rate was 55.5%, all above the national average.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

The unemployment rate in Tirol was 3.1% in 2023, 2 points lower than the national average in the same year and a decrease from 3.2% in the previous year.

^{Note: lfst_r_lfe2emprt, Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu), tgs00010,} 

Vacancies

Tirol has numerous vacancies in tourism-related roles, including hotel staff (e.g., receptionists, chefs, and housekeepers) and seasonal workers in ski resorts. In addition to the tourism sector, there are openings in healthcare, engineering, and skilled trades (e.g., electrical engineers, construction workers). Skills in customer service, languages, and technical fields are particularly valued. Some employers offer flexible working hours or part-time positions, especially in tourism.

Labour shortages and surpluses

Tirol faces structural labour shortages, especially in the tourism industry, where there is a consistent demand for seasonal workers in the winter and summer months. Skilled workers in construction, healthcare, and IT are also in demand. The shortage is mainly due to the region’s reliance on temporary workers and the need for specialized skills that local education cannot always supply. Migration of workers is essential to fill these gaps​.

There is a surplus of workers in some administrative roles and in sectors like retail and low-skill service jobs. These workers are often older, part-time employees, and those with limited qualifications, making them less mobile or adaptable to new fields.