Living and working conditions: Norway

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you more specific information related to the portal owner’s area of responsibility and the services they offer. The guide will also give you information that will be of help during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

This guide also has its own section for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is a place to start. You will be referred to Work in Norway in several of the tabs in our Living and Working presentation.

Links:

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving. It also provides information for employers who wish to establish themselves and/or to offer their services in Norway.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you more specific information related to the portal owner’s area of responsibility and the services they offer. The guide will also give you information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway. In the context of the ever-growing recruitment needs in a number of industries, portals and guides are also appearing for the different municipalities, regions or counties. An overview of all of these would be too extensive; links are only given for official guides or portals. However, it is important for jobseekers to be aware that such portals and guides, covering specific geographical areas of Norway, may exist and often also provide information that may be helpful for settling in after arriving in the country, including help for partners/husbands or wives.

Links:

Definition

• In Norway, the translation of traineeships can be interpreted as both apprenticeships and internships. However, the apprenticeship scheme is the natural link to vocational education and training, as it is the apprenticeship programme that follows the years of training at school leading to a vocational test and certificate of competency. Here, however, we refer exclusively to the guidelines in ECO's template, which appears to summarise the term under a common category.         
  It is also important to note that in 2024 Norway got a new Education Act that was implemented in August 2024. The new law entails a number of changes for vocational training.
  Among other things, an extended right to upper secondary education is provided through:
• expanded right to re-election
• the right to vocational requalification
• transition between secondary school and upper secondary school and transition programmes
• right to extension
• the right to counselling for those who have an apprenticeship in a company
• expansion of the follow-up service's target group

Note that in the work with LWC, NAV, where the NCO and coordination of EURES are located, is not the competent authority for matters relating to training, education, apprenticeship schemes or, for that matter, traineeships/internships. We must therefore assume that the sources' websites have been updated in line with the recently introduced change in legislation.

Internships and programmes

In Norway, there are several categories of internships, each with their own specific purposes and requirements. Here are some of the most important categories:

1. The student internship programme:
   • This scheme is for Norwegian students who want to spend six months at a foreign service mission during their studies. The tasks can vary from information and cultural work to political and economic analyses (Source: Regjerningen.no).
2. Internship programme for students from countries outside the EU/EEA:
   • This scheme gives students from countries outside the EU/EEA the opportunity to gain practical training and experience in Norway. The scheme is regulated by the Immigration Act and Regulations, and there are strict requirements for documentation of the training plan and relevance to ongoing education (Source: Report by Oslo Economics commissioned by the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion).
3. The Trainee Directive:
   • This directive aims to improve the provision of traineeships for workers and prevent the exploitation of trainees. It is part of the EU's social pillar and emphasises giving trainees good professional and practical experience (Source: Regjerningen.no).

There are several internship programmes and initiatives specifically related to vocational training in Norway. Here is an overview of some of the most important ones:

1. Modular structured vocational training:
   • This is an experiment that gives adults a flexible route to a vocational or journeyman's certificate through modularly structured curricula. The training is carried out in a company and is divided into modules that must be approved before you can sit for a vocational or journeyman's exam1.
2. The apprenticeship scheme:
   • A traditional scheme where apprentices receive training in a company combined with schooling. This provides practical experience and theoretical knowledge leading to a vocational certificate or journeyman's certificate.
3. The internship letter scheme:
   • A scheme for students who need a more practical approach to learning. Students receive training in companies and schools, and after two years can take the internship certificate test. This can later be built up to a full-fledged vocational certificate.
4. Vocational specialisation (YFF):
   • Part of the curriculum for vocational education programmes in upper secondary school. Students have the opportunity to try out different professions and gain practical experience in a company.
5. Professional certificates at work:
   • A scheme that gives adults with relevant work experience the opportunity to obtain a vocational certificate without having to go through traditional schooling. The work experience is assessed and approved as part of the training2.
6. Collaboration between Nav and companies:
   • Nav cooperates with companies to offer internships and training to people who are outside the labour market. This can be a way into vocational training for many.

These schemes are designed to provide flexible and customised training pathways that meet the needs of different groups, from young people to adults with work experience. (Source: The Norwegian Agency for Higher Education and Skills and the Local Government Organisation)

Eligibility requirements

The purpose of internship programmes in Norway is to provide practical training and work experience that complements theoretical education. This helps to prepare participants for the labour market and increase their employability. Here are some of the most important goals:

1. Increase expertise:
   • Internship programmes allow participants to develop skills and knowledge that are directly relevant to their future careers.
2. Improve transition to working life:
   • By combining practical experience with theoretical education, participants are better equipped to meet the demands of working life.
3. Adapt training to the needs of the labour market:
   • Internship schemes ensure that the training is in line with the actual needs of the labour market, making participants more attractive to employers.
4. Reduce unemployment:
   • By giving young people and adults relevant work experience, internship programmes can help reduce unemployment and increase employment.
5. Promote lifelong learning:
   • Internships encourage continuous development and learning throughout your career, which is important in an ever-changing labour market.
6. Strengthen co-operation between education and business:
   • These schemes promote collaboration between schools, businesses and other stakeholders, which can lead to better education and training programmes.
     
     Sources: Oslo Economics commissioned by the Ministry of Labour and Inclusion and Regjerningen.no.

Implementation

The strong tripartite cooperation (between organisations that represent employers, employees and the state) has an important quality assurance function in the Norwegian vocational training model. 

The main task of the Vocational Training Board is to advise on issues relating to the quality of vocational education and training with regard to school-based and work-based training.

According to the Education Act, the county municipality is required to consult with the Vocational Training Board on quality issues. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the accreditation of training companies. The Vocational Training Board will also submit proposals for how quality can be raised, including how interaction between schools and training companies can be improved and how skills and competencies can be improved among teachers, instructors and other groups that have an impact on the quality of vocational education. ‘Matters that have an impact on vocational training shall be presented to the vocational training board before the county council makes a decision on them. The county municipality shall give decisive weight to the professional assessment of the vocational training board.’ Source: Lovdata.no

In addition to institutionalised cooperation between the parties in working life with regard to vocational education, quality assurance is incorporated into the regulations on vocational training. In addition, there is a formal supervision scheme. The State must supervise all activities that fall under the Education Act, and has the authority to issue orders in the event that requirements are not fulfilled.

The Ministry of Education and Research has delegated overall national authority for supervisory work to the Directorate of Education, which will develop and contribute to the supervisory work, facilitate uniform supervision for the whole country and provide guidance on legislation. The County Governor is the executive supervisory authority for basic education and is responsible for activities at county level. The County Governor is also the appellate body for individual decisions about pupils in primary and secondary schools. The Ministry still has supervisory authority and can instruct the Directorate of Education and the County Governor on how supervision should be carried out.

The Education Act also regulates the County Governor’s responsibility for guiding school owners. This applies not only to guidance on matters related to professional assessments, but also guidance on other matters regulated by the Education Act, Including guidance on the Public Administration Act. The purpose is, among other things, to facilitate the best possible cooperation between the State and school owners.

Joint national supervision is in addition to the County Governors’ more general supervisory function. The supervisory activities take incidents as their starting point and are based on regional risk assessments prepared in collaboration with the County Governor. If a situation arises that requires the immediate attention of the authorities, the County Governor must have the authority to conduct inspections on his or her own initiative.

The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education (NOKUT) is responsible for approving, accrediting and quality-assuring vocational education and higher education. The framework for this activity is laid down in regulations on quality assurance and quality development in higher education and vocational education, and in additional regulations, rules and procedures laid down by NOKUT.

Services relating to foreign education (including recognition) fall under the responsibility of the Norwegian Directorate for Higher Education and Skills.

To ensure that internships outside of formal curricula comply with the Council Recommendation on Quality Frameworks for Internships from March 2014, national and regional legislation and agreements with labour market partners are important. Here are some key points:

National legislation:

Working Environment Act

Description: Regulates working conditions, including the working environment, working hours, and the rights and obligations of both employers and employees1.

Relevance: Ensure that interns have a safe and healthy working environment.

Education Act

Description: Regulates training in schools and companies, including apprenticeships and other forms of vocational training2.

Relevance: Provides a framework for how training should be carried out, including requirements for supervision and assessment.

Agreements with labour market partners

Inclusive working life (IA)

Description: A collaboration between authorities, employers and employees to create an inclusive labour market with room for everyone3.

Relevance: Promotes a good working environment and prevents drop-outs, which is important for the quality of internships.

Collective labour agreements

Description: Agreements between trade unions and employers that regulate wages, working hours and other working conditions1.

Relevance: Ensure that interns receive fair working conditions and protection.

Quality framework for internships:

Guidance and training: Interns shall have access to qualified counselling and training relevant to their field of expertise. 

Work tasks: The tasks should be meaningful and contribute to the intern's professional development.

Evaluation: Regular evaluations must be carried out to ensure that the internship fulfils the learning objectives.

This is a selection of measures that help ensure that internships outside of formal curricula fulfil quality requirements and provide interns with a valuable and safe experience.

Living and working conditions

EU/EEA citizens who are legally resident and have their permanent place of residence in Norway have full rights under the Social Services Act, including financial social assistance. With regard to the term ‘permanent residence’, it is about the person's connection to Norway, and requires an individual assessment.

Where to find opportunities

We make reservations that the information may deviate from what is expected as the document template contains terms that are neither Norwegian nor English, so it is challenging to be sure what is being requested, whether it asks for internships or traineeships. Therefore, both concepts are touched upon.

There are several ways to find internships in Norway:

Universities and colleges: Many educational institutions have their own career centres that help students find internships. There are educational institutions that offer counselling and have lists of possible internships.

Nav: Nav offers job training and internships as part of its measures to help people into working life. Please note that this is about candidates who have had their input needs assessed by NAV and who are followed up under the auspices of NAV, for example in the event of unemployment and where the candidate fulfils the conditions for being registered as a job seeker.

Regjeringen.no: For those interested in international opportunities, many embassies and delegations offer student internships.

Job portals: They often have separate sections for internships where you can search for vacancies.

Direct contact with companies: Many companies accept interns even if they don't advertise it. You may want to make a list of companies you are interested in and send open applications.

Otherwise, services relating to foreign education (including recognition) have been transferred to the Directorate for Higher Education and Competence.

Funding and support

The question style in the template does not specify, which means that the information in this tab will be wide-ranging.

There are several schemes in Norway where interns can apply for funding and support, here are some examples:

The student internship programme: Many Norwegian embassies and delegations offer internships for Norwegian students. The interns do not receive a salary, but a stipend that varies between the different foreign service missions.

Nav: NAV offers various support schemes for work training and internships, including financial support for jobseekers participating in such programmes (note previous comments that this is a possibility if you have been assessed as meeting the applicable entry requirements and have been granted internships as a measure, for example in the event of unemployment where the candidate meets the conditions for being registered as a jobseeker.

Volunteering Norway (umbrella organisation for the voluntary sector in Norway with over 300 member organisations): Provides an overview of various support schemes that can be applied for by both organisations and individuals. This includes financial support, equipment support and sponsorship programmes.

Universities and colleges: Many educational institutions have their own scholarship and support schemes for students going on internships. It is usually the career centre at the relevant educational institution that has an overview of the schemes.

Where to advertise opportunities

The vocational training office in the county municipality, students and apprenticeship companies work together to obtain apprenticeship contracts. There are a number of other arenas that are outside the official channels and which we, as a representative of a public labour market agency, cannot market within the framework and responsibility of LWC.
In addition to the above, employers in Norway have a number of platforms where they can advertise internships and traineeships:

Job portals with separate sections for internships and traineeships.
Nav: Nav's website offers the opportunity to advertise internships, especially aimed at jobseekers who are looking for job training.

Universities and colleges: Many educational institutions have their own career centres and websites where companies can advertise internships.
LinkedIn: This professional network is claimed to be a good place to advertise internships as it reaches out to a wide range of students and young professionals.

1. The labour market portal (ALP): Some educational institutions use digital solutions such as the Labour Market Portal to allocate internships.
2. The company's own website: Many companies post information about available internships directly on their own websites under the careers section.

Funding and support

Again, this point is answered with the proviso that the terms used in the template are not Norwegian or English, and as interpretations vary between countries, this may result in the topic being somewhat broad (in this connection, it is relevant to emphasise that according to statements from the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training, there is no uniform definition for trainee and traineeship, which will affect the information provided here). 
Employers who want to check funding and support for transnational trainees can contact several organisations and institutions, here are a few:

Directorate of Integration and Diversity (IMDi): IMDi administers grant schemes for mentoring and trainee programmes that include support for transnational trainees. They can provide information about available funding and how to apply1.

Norec (formerly the Peace Corps): Norec offers grants to companies, organisations and institutions for the exchange of employees between Norway and countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. They also provide training on how best to collaborate across borders.

Local county councils: Some county councils, such as Nordland county council, have their own trainee programmes that may include support for transnational trainees. It may be useful to contact the county council directly for more information3.

Legal framework

The Norwegian system operates with different designations for those who follow training in companies. Where the law refers to someone who has or will have an apprenticeship in a company, the rule applies to apprentices, trainees, apprenticeship candidates and candidates for a vocational certificate at work. An apprentice is a person who has signed an apprenticeship contract with a view to taking a vocational test or examination in a trade that has an apprenticeship period in accordance with regulations issued pursuant to section 5-4. An internship certificate candidate is someone who has signed a training contract with a view to taking the internship certificate test. Apprenticeship candidates are those who have signed a training contract with a view to taking a less extensive test than a vocational or welding test. A candidate for a vocational certificate at work is a person who has signed a contract for training on the basis of versatile practice and prior learning with a view to a vocational or welding test. Those who serve an apprenticeship in a company are employees of the apprenticeship company, with the rights and obligations that follow from laws and collective agreements. (Source: Lovdata Lov om grunnskoleopplæringan og den videregående opplæringa). 

Below is an overview of apprenticeship schemes with different legal frameworks and age limits:

Apprentices:

• Legal status: An apprentice has entered into an apprenticeship contract with a company with a view to taking a trade or journeyman's examination. The company must be approved as an apprentice company by the county council.
• Age limit: There is no upper age limit for becoming an apprentice, but most people start after upper secondary school, usually aged 16-19.

Internship letter candidates:

• Legal status: A trainee has entered into a training contract with a company with a view to taking the trainee exam. This is a scheme for students who want a more practical training programme.
• Age limit: Usually 16-19 years, but there is no upper age limit.

Apprenticeship candidates:

• Legal status: An apprenticeship candidate has entered into a training contract with a company with the aim of taking a less comprehensive test than a trade or journeyman's test.
• Age limit: No specific age limit, but most are aged 16-19.

Candidates for vocational certificates at work:

• Legal status: This is a scheme for people who have comprehensive practice and prior learning, and who enter into a training contract with a view to taking a trade or journeyman's examination.
• Age limit: No specific age limit, but it is common for candidates to be adults with work experience.

These schemes are regulated by the Education Act and Regulations to the Education Act, which ensure that apprentices and graduates receive the necessary training and support throughout their apprenticeship (Sources: Lovdata.no, Altinn.no, SSB.no)

Description of schemes

The apprenticeship system in Norway is an important part of vocational education and combines school and work-based learning. Here's an overview of how the system works in practice:

Combination of school- and work-based learning

The apprenticeship system consists of two main parts:

1. School-based training: Students start with two years at upper secondary school (Vg1 and Vg2) where they receive basic theoretical and practical training in their subject area.
2. Work-based training: After the first two years, the students start an apprenticeship in a company for two years (Vg3 and Vg4). Here they receive practical training and work experience under the guidance of skilled labourers.
3. Remuneration system
   Apprentices receive a salary during their apprenticeship, which is usually a rising percentage of the starting salary for a skilled worker. The salary often starts at around 30 per cent and gradually increases to 80 per cent towards the end of the apprenticeship.
4. Recognition of qualifications
   At the end of the apprenticeship, the apprentice takes a trade or journeyman's test. If they pass the test, the apprentice receives a trade or journeyman's certificate that formally recognises their qualifications and expertise in the trade.
5. Key responsible organisations
   Several organisations and institutions are involved in the apprenticeship system:

• Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training (Udir): Has overall responsibility for vocational education and training in Norway.
• County councils: Authorises apprenticeship companies and follows up apprentices and apprenticeship companies locally.
• Learning companies: Companies that are authorised to take on apprentices and provide them with the necessary training.

For more detailed information, follow the Udir link labelled ‘Utdanningsdirektoratet. Apprenticeships and training companies’ (all references subject to being updated to reflect changes resulting from the new Education Act implemented in August 2024).

Eligibility

The county municipality shall fulfil the right to further education for those living in the county. The county council is responsible for ensuring that the rules in the Act that impose obligations on the county council, schools and school employees are fulfilled. When it comes to candidates from other EU/EEA countries, it is possible to complete an apprenticeship in Norway. As an apprentice, you will be regarded as an employee and thus have the right to stay in Norway for the duration of your apprenticeship. But even though candidates from other EU/EEA countries can complete an apprenticeship in Norway, there are some things to be aware of. Schemes may differ between industries, so you should get in touch with a training centre that represents the industry that is relevant to your apprenticeship. It is also possible that you must be registered in the county where the apprenticeship is to be completed; there are differences between counties in this area (source: Utdanning.no)). It is also important to note that the general guidelines mean that the actual professional exam will be conducted in Norwegian. Norwegian language skills may also be required in order to complete the actual apprenticeship. In other words, it is challenging to give an overall and uniform answer to how the apprenticeship programme will be implemented in practice and how it will be carried out.

Living and working conditions

Apprenticeships are covered by the Working Environment Act, with the exception of termination or amendments to the employment contract. This means that apprentices are exempt from the rules on job security, and the apprentice’s notice period is regulated by the Education Act and not the Working Environment Act. 
Even though candidates from other EU/EEA countries can complete an apprenticeship in Norway, there are some things to be aware of. Schemes may differ between industries, so you should get in touch with a training centre that represents the industry that is relevant to your apprenticeship. It is also possible that you must be registered in the county where the apprenticeship is to be completed; there are differences between counties in this area (source: Utdanning.no)). It is also important to note that the general guidelines mean that the actual professional exam will be conducted in Norwegian. Norwegian language skills may also be required in order to complete the actual apprenticeship. In other words, it is challenging to give an overall and uniform answer to how the apprenticeship programme will be implemented in practice and how it will be carried out.

Where to find opportunities

The county council's vocational training office, sector-specific training offices, trainees and training companies work together to obtain apprenticeship contracts.

Funding and support

The apprenticeship is formally considered as year of training and one year of value creation. Apprentices, traineeship candidates and apprenticeship candidates receive salaries. Grants are awarded to companies that sign a contract with young people who have the right to upper secondary education (young person’s right). This grant is covered by the county municipality and applies to the training, but is managed so that the grant is effectively distributed evenly over the entire apprenticeship in the company. Companies that sign an apprenticeship contract or training contract with people who are 21 years or older receive another (smaller) grant.

A citizen of an EEA or EFTA country with status as an employee in Norway is entitled to educational support on the same terms as Norwegian citizens. EEA or EFTA citizens who stop working and enter into education maintain their status as employees if the education they receive has a professional connection to their work. The professional connection requirement no longer applies if the person in question has become involuntarily unemployed due to general changes in the labour market.

The following members of the EEA or EFTA employee’s family are entitled to educational support on the same terms as Norwegian citizens:

1. spouse
2. relative in the descending line of the EEA or EFTA employee and/or the EEA or EFTA employee’s spouse. The relative must either be under 21 years of age, or be supported by the EEA or the EFTA employee and/or his or her spouse
3. relative in the ascending line of the EEA or EFTA worker and/or his or her spouse who is supported by them.

If the EEA or EFTA employee no longer has EEA or EFTA employee status in Norway, the family member is no longer entitled to educational support.

Where to advertise opportunities

On their own websites, on the NAV’s websites and on a number of other job portals. It is important to note that for state enterprises, there is no requirement to advertise apprenticeships, since they are exempt from § 2(1)(c) of the State Employees Act.

Funding and support

The county municipality provides training grants to apprenticeship companies. In addition, about 340 training offices have been established around the country. These training offices play a central role as a liaison between the county municipality and the apprenticeship companies for apprentices in vocational subjects.

However, the role of the training offices is to a small extent regulated beyond the fact that they must comply with the authorities’ requirements for apprenticeships. The offices are financed by them and the apprenticeship companies sharing the training grants from the county municipalities.

Companies that undertake training for apprentices, trainee candidates, apprenticeship candidates or candidates for vocational certificates at work must be approved as an apprenticeship company by the county municipality.

There are no special schemes for foreign apprentices.

The free movement of goods is one of the cornerstones of the European Single Market.

The removal of national barriers to the free movement of goods within the EU is one of the principles enshrined in the EU Treaties. From a traditionally protectionist starting point, the countries of the EU have continuously been lifting restrictions to form a ‘common’ or single market. This commitment to create a European trading area without frontiers has led to the creation of more wealth and new jobs, and has globally established the EU as a world trading player alongside the United States and Japan.

Despite Europe’s commitment to breaking down all internal trade barriers, not all sectors of the economy have been harmonised. The European Union decided to regulate at a European level sectors which might impose a higher risk for Europe’s citizens – such as pharmaceuticals or construction products. The majority of products (considered a ‘lower risk’) are subject to the application of the so-called principle of mutual recognition, which means that essentially every product legally manufactured or marketed in one of the Member States can be freely moved and traded within the EU internal market.

Limits to the free movement of goods

The EU Treaty gives Member States the right to set limits to the free movement of goods when there is a specific common interest such as protection of the environment, citizens’ health, or public policy, to name a few. This means for example that if the import of a product is seen by a Member State’s national authorities as a potential threat to public health, public morality or public policy, it can deny or restrict access to its market. Examples of such products are genetically modified food or certain energy drinks.

Even though there are generally no limitations for the purchase of goods in another Member State, as long as they are for personal use, there is a series of European restrictions for specific categories of products, such as alcohol and tobacco.

Free movement of capital

Another essential condition for the functioning of the internal market is the free movement of capital. It is one of the four basic freedoms guaranteed by EU legislation and represents the basis of the integration of European financial markets. Europeans can now manage and invest their money in any EU Member State.

The liberalisation of capital markets has marked a crucial point in the process of economic and monetary integration in the EU. It was the first step towards the establishment of our European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the common currency, the Euro.

Advantage

The principle of the free movement of capital not only increases the efficiency of financial markets within the Union, it also brings a series of advantages to EU citizens. Individuals can carry out a broad number of financial operations within the EU without major restrictions. For instance, individuals with few restrictions can

1. easily open a bank account,
2. buy shares
3. invest, or
4. purchase real estate

in another Member State. EU Companies can invest in, own and manage other European enterprises.

Exceptions

Certain exceptions to this principle apply both within the Member States and with third countries. They are mainly related to taxation, prudential supervision, public policy considerations, money laundering and financial sanctions agreed under the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy.

The European Commission is continuing to work on the completion of the free market for financial services, by implementing new strategies for financial integration in order to make it even easier for citizens and companies to manage their money within the EU.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will be of help during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Schools (primary and lower secondary) in the municipality you are moving to can be found by contacting the municipal administration or by using the New to Norway website. You can find college and university programmes through utdanning.no. The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training is the executive agency for the Ministry of Education and Research. The directorate is responsible for kindergartens, as well as primary and secondary education.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

The implementation of the principle of free movement of people, is one of the cornerstones of our European construction, has meant the introduction a series of practical rules to ensure that citizens can travel freely and easily to any Member State of the European Union. Travelling across the EU with one’s car has become a lot less problematic. The European Commission has set a series of common regulations governing the mutual recognition of driving licences, the validity of car insurance, and the possibility of registering your car in a host country.

Your driving licence in the EU

The EU has introduced a harmonised licence model and further minimum requirements for obtaining a licence. This should help to keep unsafe drivers off Europe's roads - wherever they take their driving test.

Since 19 January 2013, all driving licences issued by EU countries have the same look and feel. The licences are printed on a piece of plastic that has the size and shape of a credit card.

Harmonised administrative validity periods for the driving licence document have been introduced which are between 10 and 15 years for motorcycles and passenger cars. This enables the authorities to regularly update the driving licence document with new security features that will make it harder to forge or tamper ­- so unqualified or banned drivers will find it harder to fool the authorities, in their own country or elsewhere in the EU.

The new European driving licence is also protecting vulnerable road users by introducing progressive access for motorbikes and other powered two-wheelers. The "progressive access" system means that riders will need experience with a less powerful bike before they go on to bigger machines. Mopeds will also constitute a separate category called AM.

You must apply for a licence in the country where you usually or regularly live. As a general rule, it is the country where you live for at least 185 days each calendar year because of personal or work-related ties.

If you have personal/work-related ties in 2 or more EU countries, your place of usual residence is the place where you have personal ties, as long as you go back regularly. You don't need to meet this last condition if you are living in an EU country to carry out a task for a fixed period of time.

If you move to another EU country to go to college or university, your place of usual residence doesn't change. However, you can apply for a driving licence in your host country if you can prove you have been studying there for at least 6 months.

Registering your car in the host country

If you move permanently to another EU country and take your car with you, you should register your car and pay car-related taxes in your new country.

There are no common EU rules on vehicle registration and related taxes. Some countries have tax-exemption rules for vehicle registration when moving with the car from one country to another permanently.

To benefit from a tax exemption, you must check the applicable deadlines and conditions in the country you wish to move to.

Check the exact rules and deadlines with the national authorities: https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/registration-abroad/index_en.htm 

Car Insurance

EU citizens can insure their car in any EU country, as long as the chosen insurance company is licensed by the host national authority to issue the relevant insurance policies. A company based in another Member State is entitled sell a policy for compulsory civil liability only if certain conditions are met. Insurance will be valid throughout the Union, no matter where the accident takes place.

Taxation

Value Added Tax or VAT on motor vehicles is ordinarily paid in the country where the car is purchased, although under certain conditions, VAT is paid in the country of destination.
More information on the rules which apply when a vehicle is acquired in one EU Member State and is intended to be registered in another EU Member State is available on this link https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/taxes-abroad/index_en.htm.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway. You will also find practical information on moving to Norway on New in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will be of help when you start working in Norway. You will also find practical information on moving to Norway on New in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Quality of work and employment - a vital issue, with a strong economic and humanitarian impact

Good working conditions are important for the well-being of European workers. They

• contribute to the physical and psychological welfare of Europeans, and
• contribute to the economic performance of the EU.

From a humanitarian point of view, the quality of working environment has a strong influence on the overall work and life satisfaction of European workers.

From an economic point of view, high-quality job conditions are a driving force of economic growth and a foundation for the competitive position of the European Union. A high level of work satisfaction is an important factor for achieving high productivity of the EU economy.

It is therefore a core issue for the European Union to promote the creation and maintenance of a sustainable and pleasant working environment – one that promotes health and well-being of European employees and creates a good balance between work and non-work time.

Improving working conditions in Europe: an important objective for the European Union.

Ensuring favourable working conditions for European citizens is a priority for the EU. The European Union is therefore working together with national governments to ensure a pleasant and secure workplace environment. Support to Member States is provided through:

• the exchange of experience between different countries and common actions
• the establishment of the minimum requirements on working conditions and health and safety at work, to be applied all over the European Union

Criteria for quality of work and employment

In order to achieve sustainable working conditions, it is important to determine the main characteristics of a favourable working environment and thus the criteria for the quality of working conditions.

The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) in Dublin, is an EU agency that provides information, advice and expertise on, as the name implies, living and working conditions. This agency has established several criteria for job and employment quality, which include:

• health and well-being at the workplace – this is a vital criteria, since good working conditions suppose the prevention of health problems at the work place, decreasing the exposure to risk and improving work organisation
• reconciliation of working and non-working life – citizens should be given the chance to find a balance between the time spent at work and at leisure
• skills development – a quality job is one that gives possibilities for training, improvement and career opportunities

The work of Eurofound contributes to the planning and design of better living and working conditions in Europe.

Health and safety at work

The European Commission has undertaken a wide scope of activities to promote a healthy working environment in the EU Member States. Amongst others, it developed a Community Strategy for Health and Safety at Work for the period 2021-2027. This strategy was set up with the help of national authorities, social partners and NGOs. It addresses the changing needs in worker’s protection brought by the digital and green transitions, new forms of work and the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the framework will continue to address traditional occupational safety and health risks, such as risks of accidents at work or exposure to hazardous chemicals.

The Community policy on health and safety at work aims at a long-lasting improvement of well-being of EU workers. It takes into account the physical, moral and social dimensions of working conditions, as well as the new challenges brought up by the enlargement of the European Union towards countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The introduction of EU standards for health and safety at the workplace, has contributed a lot to the improvement of the situation of workers in these countries.

Improving working conditions by setting minimum requirements common to all EU countries

Improving living and working conditions in the EU Member States depends largely on the establishment of common labour standards. EU labour laws and regulations have set the minimum requirements for a sustainable working environment and are now applied in all Member States. The improvement of these standards has strengthened workers’ rights and is one of the main achievements of the EU’s social policy.

The importance of transparency and mutual recognition of diplomas as a crucial complement to the free movement of workers

The possibility of obtaining recognition of one’s qualifications and competences can play a vital role in the decision to take up work in another EU country. It is therefore necessary to develop a European system that will guarantee the mutual acceptance of professional competences in different Member States. Only such a system will ensure that a lack of recognition of professional qualifications will not become an obstacle to workers’ mobility within the EU.

Main principles for the recognition of professional qualifications in the EU

As a basic principle, any EU citizen should be able to freely practice their profession in any Member State. Unfortunately the practical implementation of this principle is often hindered by national requirements for access to certain professions in the host country.

For the purpose of overcoming these differences, the EU has set up a system for the recognition of professional qualifications. Within the terms of this system, a distinction is made between regulated professions (professions for which certain qualifications are legally required) and professions that are not legally regulated in the host Member State.

Steps towards a transparency of qualifications in Europe

The European Union has taken important steps towards the objective of achieving transparency of qualifications in Europe:

• An increased co-operation in vocational education and training, with the intention to combine all instruments for transparency of certificates and diplomas, in one single, user-friendly tool. This includes, for example, the European CV or Europass Trainings.
• The development of concrete actions in the field of recognition and quality in vocational education and training.

Going beyond the differences in education and training systems throughout the EU

Education and training systems in the EU Member States still show substantial differences. The last enlargements of the EU, with different educational traditions, have further increased this diversity. This calls for a need to set up common rules to guarantee recognition of competences.

In order to overcome this diversity of national qualification standards, educational methods and training structures, the European Commission has put forward a series of instruments, aimed at ensuring better transparency and recognition of qualifications both for academic and professional purposes.

1. The European Qualifications Framework

The European Qualifications Framework is a key priority for the European Commission in the process of recognition of professional competences. The main objective of the framework is to create links between the different national qualification systems and guarantee a smooth transfer and recognition of diplomas.

2. The National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARICs)

A network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres was established in 1984 at the initiative of the European Commission. The NARICs provide advice on the academic recognition of periods of study abroad. Located in all EU Member States as well as in the countries of the European Economic Area, NARICs play a vital role the process of recognition of qualifications in the EU.

3. The European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)

The European Credit Transfer System aims at facilitating the recognition of periods of study abroad. Introduced in 1989, it functions by describing an education programme and attaching credits to its components. It is a key complement to the highly acclaimed student mobility programme Erasmus.

4. Europass

Europass is an instrument for ensuring the transparency of professional skills. It is composed of five standardised documents

• a CV (Curriculum Vitae),
• a cover letter editor,
• certificate supplements,
• diploma supplements, and
• a Europass-Mobility document.

The Europass system makes skills and qualifications clearly and easily understood in the different parts of Europe. In every country of the European Union and the European Economic Area, national Europass centres have been established as the primary contact points for people seeking for information about the Europass system.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you when you start working in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

In Norway, there are no separate legal provisions in connection with seasonal work.

We have no data on seasonal work, but it is assumed that ‘seasonal workers’ primarily go into sectors such as agriculture, forestry and the hotel and restaurant industry.

Links:

Employees must always have a written employment contract. This is the case regardless of whether the post is temporary or permanent, and there are no exceptions to this rule. The employer is responsible for drawing up a written employment contract.

If the employment is of more than 1 month's duration, the contract must be drawn up as soon as possible and no later than 1 month after the employment relationship begins. For employment of less than a duration of 1 month, or where labour is being hired, a written employment contract must be concluded immediately.

The employment contract must contain information about any conditions of significant importance for the employment relationship. As a minimum, the contract must contain the following information:

name of the employer and place of work,

description of the work,

starting times, working hours and work periods,

the right to holidays and holiday pay,

pay and remuneration,

notice periods,

any collective agreements.

We would also like to point out that an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers in Norway, called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will be of help when you start working in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

In common with most European countries, Norway has too many people who are not in work. This is one of several reasons behind an increased focus on improving inclusivity in the workplace in Norway, with the tripartite cooperation of employers and employees (the parties) and the state as a natural driver of the process. The government’s focus on diversity in recruitment provides guidelines for state enterprises: ‘In order to strengthen inclusion at work in Norway, it is important that state enterprises work actively and work well on diversity recruitment. We ensure that we find the best employees by looking for qualified staff among all the talent that is out there in society, regardless of an applicant’s background.’ Many employers’ organisations also have an increasing focus on inclusion and diversity in connection with their recruitment procedures.

With regard to announcing vacancies, the Working Environment Act states ‘The general rule in the state is that vacancies must be publicly advertised. This is necessary in order to ensure genuine competition for vacancies, the broadest possible recruitment and that the principle of qualification is followed.’ There is no rule for the private sector requiring vacancies to be advertised publicly.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

In order to start your own business, the authorities require you to operate at your own expense and at your own risk, in other words, you are required to be responsible for what you supply and the equipment you use. Unlike when pursuing a hobby, your commercial activities must also have the potential to make a profit. If you meet these requirements, you may, in principle, set up your own business.

To help with this process, in Norway there are services connected with Altinn, which provide guidance on setting up and running a business. Altinn is a portal for digital dialogue with the Norwegian authorities. Here you can find forms, notifications and relevant information, including information about how to set up and run a business in Norway. Follow the link to go to Altinn.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway. If you belong to the last category, choose ‘Persons and companies looking to start a permanent business in Norway’ on the homepage of the guide.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

There is no general minimum wage in Norway. Pay is agreed upon between the employer and employee as part of the written employment contract. Even though there is no general minimum wage in Norway, a minimum wage has been introduced in some industries.

This includes the following industries: construction; cleaning; accommodation and catering; shipping and the shipbuilding industry; agriculture and horticulture; the fishing industry; electrical engineering; road haulage; coach operators. For an overview of minimum wage rates, please follow the link to the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority.

Pension premium means the same as payment into a pension or pension contributions, i.e. the amount you pay into a pension each month, for example. It could also be said that the word ‘premium’ when used in conjunction with ‘pension’ (and ‘insurance’) means the same as ‘price’. For example, employers are obliged to pay mandatory occupational pension contributions for their employees. Thus, the fixed sum paid for an employee in a particular month is the pension premium for that month.

Either at the time you are paid or immediately afterwards, your employer must give you a payslip that shows what you have received as gross pay, the tax deducted and other deductions taken from your gross pay, what has been paid to you (net pay) and the method used for calculating your holiday pay. If you do not get a payslip, you need to ask for one from your employer.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Working hours are the times during which an employee is at the disposal of an employer. Regulations set limits for working hours and include requirements for breaks and daily and weekly off-duty time. Normal working hours

The Working Environment Act establishes limits for normal working hours:

9 hours per 24 hours (normal working day)

40 hours per 7 days (normal working week)

For employees with particularly demanding working hour arrangements, such as shift work, rota work, night work and Sunday work, the weekly working hours are shorter:

38 hours per 7 days for work carried out around the clock on weekdays

36 hours per 7 days for work carried out around the clock all week long

Shorter normal working hours may be agreed through collective agreements. One agreement which many people have is for 37.5 hours per week. In some cases, an agreement may be entered into on calculating average normal working hours. Any work that exceeds the Working Environment Act’s limits for normal working hours is classed as overtime. For certain types of service, it is possible to extend normal working hours. For further information on the rules on breaks, daily and weekly off-duty time and more, follow the link to the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority:

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this website you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

All employees are entitled to at least 25 working days of holiday each year. As Saturday is counted as a working day, this will usually mean that an employee is entitled to 4 weeks and 1 day of holiday per calendar year.

According to the Working Environment Act, an employee may be entitled to leave in connection with pregnancy, birth, adoption, the sickness of a child or childcare provider, caring for close family members, education, military service, public office and religious holidays. For further details, follow the link to Lovdata (a legal resources website) – the Working Environment Act.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From the wizard you are directed to public portals that provide useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

This website also has its own section for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

In an employment relationship, both the employer and the employee can choose to give notice if one of them wishes to end the employment. If it is the employee who gives notice, as a rule, he or she has to carry on working until the end of the notice period. After that, the employment relationship is formally terminated.

If the employer wishes to end the employment relationship, there are stricter requirements. The Working Environment Act § 15-7 requires that a dismissal is justified on the basis of circumstances relating to the company, the employee or the employer. If the termination of the employment is based on any other circumstances, it is no longer objective. For more details, follow the link to Lovdata – the Working Environment Act.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From the wizard you are directed to public portals that provide useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

This website also has its own section for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to go, as the information here is always expected be the most up to date and correct.

Information on employment contracts, working hours, pay and holiday can be found on the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority website (link at the bottom of Work in Norway).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

In Norway, there are four main associations for employees: the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge, LO), the Confederation of Unions for Professionals (Unio), the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations (Akademikerne) and the Confederation of Vocational Unions (Yrkesorganisasjonenes Sentralforbund, YS). These are also called the main union confederations. The trade unions are democratic organisations where the leadership is elected by the members. An association of several trade unions is called a confederation of trade unions. Being organised means that you have support and are not on your own when dealing with: your employment contract and employment; working hours; holiday and leave; insurance policies; legal advice and support; pay and rates; termination of employment, lay-offs or redeployment; retirement and pension; strikes; sickness, injury or dispute.

Over 50 %of employees are trade union members in Norway, and this has changed little over the last 15 years. The level of membership is lower than in the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to start.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

The right to strike is recognised in international law but is subject to limitations. Strikes may be prohibited in order to protect vital public interests. Special groups of public sector workers, such as the police, may be prohibited from striking. Norway has international obligations under the European Social Charter of 1961.

The Labour Disputes Act is a Norwegian law which is the fundamental law governing the relationship between the parties representing the employer and those representing the employee in Norway. Among other things, the Labour Disputes Act contains rules governing how to enter into and terminate collective agreements, mediation through the National Mediator, unofficial strikes and lockouts, and legal proceedings before the Labour Court. The collective term for this is collective employment law. 

Only workers covered by collective agreements are entitled to strike, and they can only strike when negotiations on a new collective agreement have broken down.

A lockout can, where this is collectively agreed, be implemented following a collective notice to the relevant employee association with effect for this association’s members (this is known as notice of collective work stoppage). Lockouts may also be used by the state, but only in relation to groups of civil servants who have the right to strike.

In Norway, strikes are a legal and regulated form of action that normally arise in connection with the drawing up or revision of a collective agreement. The main negotiations between the parties in a Norwegian workplace take place every other year, resulting in the signing of an agreement valid for 2 years. A revision of the agreement is carried out in the intervening year.

The carrying out of strikes and/or lockouts is legal in relation to the negotiation of collective agreements when there is a breakdown in negotiations.

Generally speaking, strikes and lockouts are not a common occurrence in Norway. However, when they do happen, since they occur at a national level, a large number of workers are involved.

Should a worker go on strike, the person in question would not be paid, but would get a strike contribution from the union.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to start.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Vocational education and training includes practical activities and courses associated with certain vocations, and has the purpose of preparing participants for future careers. For many, vocational training is an important means of achieving professional recognition and increasing their chances of getting a good job.

At utdanning.no you will find an overview of continuing education divided into flexible courses or programmes at different levels. These often build upon professional experience (prior learning). 

From 2025, employees in five industries will be offered free continuing education and training. This is linked to the creation of industry programmes in Norway. Industry programmes are a grant scheme in which the government and the social partners work together to increase participation in skills development in selected industries. Through the industry programmes, employees, laid-off workers and the unemployed can receive free courses and training. The aim is to ensure skills development in line with the needs of the industries, so that employees can cope with change and become better equipped for tomorrow's working life. It must be possible to combine the training programmes with work.

Active industry programmes in 2024 and 2025

Waste and recycling industry (2022-2024)

Agriculture, forestry and horticulture (2022-2024)

Financial industry (2024-2026)

Information security and the ICT industry (2024-2026)

Solar power industry (2025-2027)

Health and care sector (2025-2027)

Industry and construction (third period 2025-2027)

We remind you that it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Quality of life – on top of the EU social policy agenda

Favourable living conditions depend on a wide range of factors, such as quality healthcare services, education and training opportunities or good transport facilities, just to name a few aspects affecting citizens’ everyday life and work. The European Union has set for itself the aim to constantly improve the quality of life in all its Member States, and to take into account the new challenges of contemporary Europe, such as socially exclude people or an aging population.

Employment in Europe

Improving employment opportunities in Europe is a key priority for the European Commission. With the prospect of tackling the problem of unemployment and increasing the mobility between jobs and regions, a wide variety of initiatives at EU level are being developed and implemented to support the European Employment strategy. These include the European Employment Services network (EURES) and the EU Skills Panorama.

Health and healthcare in the European Union

Health is a cherished value, influencing people’s daily lives and therefore an important priority for all Europeans. A healthy environment is crucial for our individual and professional development, and EU citizens are ever more demanding about health and safety at work and the provision of high quality healthcare services. They require quick and easy access to medical treatment when travelling across the European Union. EU health policies are aimed at responding to these needs.

The European Commission has developed a coordinated approach to health policy, putting into practice a series of initiatives that complement the actions of national public authorities. The Union’s common actions and objectives are included in EU health programmes and strategies.

The current EU4Health Programme (2021-2027) is the EU’s ambitious response to COVID-19. The pandemic has a major impact on patients, medical and healthcare staff, and health systems in Europe. The new EU4Health programme will go beyond crisis response to address healthcare systems’ resilience. 

EU4Health, established by Regulation (EU) 2021/522, will provide funding to eligible entities, health organisations and NGOs from EU countries, or non-EU countries associated to the programme.

With EU4Health, the EU will invest €5.3 billion in current prices in actions with an EU added value, complementing EU countries’ policies and pursuing one or several of EU4Health´s objectives:

1. To improve and foster health in the Union
   • disease prevention & health promotion
   • international health initiatives & cooperation
2. To tackle cross-border health threats
   • prevention, preparedness & response to cross-border health threats
   • complementing national stockpiling of essential crisis-relevant products
   • establishing a reserve of medical, healthcare & support staff 
3. To improve medicinal products, medical devices and crisis-relevant products
   • making medicinal products, medical devices and crisis-relevant products available and affordable
4. To strengthen health systems, their resilience and resource efficiency
   • strengthening health data, digital tools & services, digital transformation of healthcare
   • improving access to healthcare
   • developing and implementing EU health legislation and evidence-based decision making 
   • integrated work among national health systems

Education in the EU

Education in Europe has both deep roots and great diversity. Already in 1976, education ministers decided to set up an information network to better understand educational policies and systems in the then nine-nation European Community. This reflected the principle that the particular character of an educational system in any one Member State ought to be fully respected, while coordinated interaction between education, training and employment systems should be improved. Eurydice, the information network on education in Europe, was formally launched in 1980.

In 1986, attention turned from information exchanges to student exchanges with the launch of the Erasmus programme, now grown into the Erasmus+programme, often cited as one of the most successful initiatives of the EU.

Transport in the EU

Transport was one of the first common policies of the then European Community. Since 1958, when the Treaty of Rome entered into force, the EU’s transport policy has focused on removing border obstacles between Member States, thereby enabling people and goods to move quickly, efficiently and cheaply.

This principle is closely connected to the EU’s central goal of a dynamic economy and cohesive society. The transport sector generates 10% of EU wealth measured by gross domestic product (GDP), equivalent to about one trillion Euros a year. It also provides more than ten million jobs.

The Schengen area

The Schengen Convention, in effect since March 1995, abolished border controls within the area of the signatory States and created a single external frontier, where checks have to be carried out in accordance with a common set of rules.

Today, the Schengen Area encompasses most EU countries, except for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland and Romania. However, Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania are currently in the process of joining the Schengen Area and already applying the Schengen acquis to a large extent. Additionally, also the non-EU States Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have joined the Schengen Area.

Air transport

The creation of a single European market in air transport has meant lower fares and a wider choice of carriers and services for passengers. The EU has also created a set of rights to ensure air passengers are treated fairly.

Air passenger rights

As an air passenger, you have certain rights when it comes to information about flights and reservations, damage to baggage, delays and cancellations, denied boarding, compensation in the case of accident or difficulties with package holidays. These rights apply to scheduled and chartered flights, both domestic and international, from an EU airport or to an EU airport from one outside the EU, when operated by an EU airline.

Rail transport

Over the last 25 years the Commission has been very active in proposing restructuring the European rail transport market and in order to strengthen the position of railways vis-à-vis other transport modes. The Commission's efforts have concentrated on three major areas which are all crucial for developing a strong and competitive rail transport industry:

1. opening the rail transport market to competition,
2. improving the interoperability and safety of national networks and
3. developing rail transport infrastructure.

In Norway, the political, administrative and legal institutions are structured in a way that is typical of a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. Below is an overview of how each of these institutions is structured.

1. Political institutions

• The Norwegian Parliament (Storting): the Norwegian Parliament is Norway’s legislative assembly, consisting of 169 representatives who are elected by the people every 4 years. Parliament is responsible for adopting legislation, approving the budget and exercising parliamentary scrutiny of the government. The Norwegian Parliament is divided into different committees that deal with specific matters.
• The Government: the Government is led by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the largest political party in Parliament. The Government is responsible for exercising executive powers and implementing legislation. The Prime Minister appoints ministers, who are normally members of parliament. The most important government departments are responsible for various policy areas such as health, education and defence.
• The King: Norway is a constitutional monarchy, and the King (or Queen) has a symbolic role as the head of state. The King has limited political power and acts largely as a ceremonial representative of the nation. The current monarch follows guidelines and laws laid down in the constitution.

2. Administrative institutions

• Public administration: Norway’s public administration consists of various government departments and subordinate directorates and agencies. It is responsible for administering and implementing laws and policies that have been adopted by Parliament. Ministers are responsible for their respective departments and the work associated with them.
• County municipalities and municipalities: Norway is divided into 11 counties, each with its own county municipal body. Within the counties, the municipalities are responsible for local services such as schools, health and welfare.

3. Legal institutions

• The Courts: the Norwegian justice system is independent and consists of different levels of court. The Supreme Court is the highest court and is responsible for interpreting the constitution and other important legal questions. In addition, there are courts of appeal and district courts, which handle civil and criminal cases at a lower level.
• The Director of Public Prosecutions: The Director of Public Prosecutions is responsible for the Norwegian Prosecuting Authority and supervises police investigations and criminal cases.
• The Police and the Prosecuting Authority: The Norwegian Police are responsible for investigations and law enforcement, while the Prosecuting Authority is responsible for bringing cases before the courts.

This is a general overview of how the political, administrative and legal institutions are organised in Norway. The system may be subject to change over time as a result of political decisions and changes within society.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to start.

You can find relevant information on how the political, administrative and legal institutions are structured on both Work In Norway and New in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Average earnings can vary significantly between different occupations in Norway, depending on factors such as education, experience, geographical location and sector. For this reason, there would be little to be gained from simply listing totals. To describe the problem, it is perhaps tempting to look at average pay when wondering how much it is normal to earn. However, over 60% of workers have below-average pay, and one of the reasons why using an average can be a bad idea is that, among other things, Norway is a country with a small population. However, if you do wish to see the figures for certain occupations, follow the link to Statistics Norway.

Taxation in Norway is progressive, which means that tax rates increase in line with increasing income. The most common forms of taxation include income tax (personal income tax), social security contributions and wealth tax. Income tax is the most important source of income for the Norwegian state from year to year.

The Norwegian tax system has various benefits and deductions for different groups, including married couples, older people and other specific groups. Please note that taxation rules may change over time, so it is important to consult a tax adviser or check the most recent taxation rules for up-to-date information. Some of the most common tax benefits for the following groups are listed below.

Tax benefits for married couples: in Norway, marriage provides certain tax benefits such as, for example, the option of choosing between paying tax as a spouse or as a single person. This flexibility can help married couples to optimise their tax situation.

Old age pensioners: older people in receipt of an old age pension can take advantage of certain tax benefits. Pension income is, as a rule, taxed at a lower rate than earnings, and there are also opportunities for additional deductions and tax relief for older people, depending on their level of income and personal circumstances.

Deductions for sickness expenses: people who incur major expenses for healthcare and social care services as a result of sickness may be entitled to deductions for these expenses on their tax return. This is not dependent upon age or marital status, but older people with health problems may benefit from this deduction.

Deductions for trade union subscriptions: many trade unions charge their members a subscription for membership. This subscription can be deducted on your tax return, something which is a tax benefit for union members.

Deductions for charitable donations: people who donate to approved voluntary organisations can claim back tax on these donations on their tax returns.

Mortgage interest tax relief: this is not restricted to older people or those who are married; anyone who owns a property and has a mortgage may be entitled to tax relief on the interest payments on their mortgage on their tax return.

Wealth tax: Norway has a wealth tax which affects people who have a high net worth. There are certain exemptions that older people can take advantage of.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

The website also provides information for Norwegian employers who wish to recruit foreign labour to Norway, as well as foreign companies seeking to offer their services in Norway.

Work in Norway is a collaboration between the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), the Norwegian Tax Administration, the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI), the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority and the Police. Whether you wish to do business in Norway or seek employment, Work in Norway is the place to start.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Providing an overview of the typical monthly expenses associated with the most common products (petrol/diesel, electricity, food, clothes, eating out) would serve no useful purpose as some of the expenses mentioned will be subject to large geographical variations, and housing costs vary a lot within Norway. Thus, listing average figures could be potentially misleading for jobseekers considering looking for a job in Norway. But it is important generally to point out that Norway is an expensive place to live. Norway has taxes and duties which are higher than the average in the OECD, but lower than in some of the other Nordic countries. In Norway, part of the total public expenditure is financed through revenues from the Government Pension Fund Global. This amounts to around 15 % of total public expenditure for 2022.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

New in Norway will also provide you with useful information.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

It is difficult and possibly not a good idea to provide general guidance on buying or renting property. This is because the differences in price between heavily populated areas (towns and cities) and more rural areas are very great. The first thing to consider when thinking about buying, renting or building a home in Norway is whereabouts in the country you live.

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

New in Norway will also provide you with useful information in relation to finding, renting and owning a home.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

The health service in Norway is divided into primary healthcare and specialist healthcare services. Some of the healthcare provision is organised jointly by the municipality and the state, as, for example, in the case of district medical centres, some rehabilitation services and hospice services. The state has overall responsibility for specialist healthcare, while the municipalities are responsible for municipal healthcare and social care services. Dental services are the responsibility of the county municipality.

For more detailed information about healthcare rights as a foreigner in Norway, follow the link to Helsenorge (national online health services in Norway).

In Norway, an official guide (online wizard) has been developed for jobseekers and employers called Work in Norway. Work in Norway is an online wizard for those who wish to work in Norway and need advice and information on job hunting, working life and moving.

From this guide you are directed to public portals that will give you useful information. You will also find information that will help you during the early stages of your employment in Norway.

New in Norway will also provide you with useful information relating to the health service.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Public and quality-assured information on education programmes in Norway can be found at utdanning.no. General information about Norwegian education can be found on the website of the Norwegian Agency for Quality in Education (NOKUT).

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Norway is a young nation with a long history. Norway has always been a melting pot with strong external influences, even though we like to think of ourselves as genuine and highly distinctive. Norway has a relatively large number of historical attractions and offers a very wide and good range of outdoor activities. The Norwegians like to go hiking, not necessarily in order to go somewhere, but purely for the pleasure of the walk. In addition to that, the Norwegians enjoy relaxing at home, and even the concept of making themselves comfortable at home has spread to several countries where a larger proportion of leisure and social life normally takes place outside the home.

In modern times, as the country has gradually seen immigration from outside, the things available, particularly in the cities, have changed and become more globalised, and Oslo in particular has a very rich culture. Despite its relatively small size when compared with other European cities (709 037 inhabitants in January 2023), Oslo is a big player, particularly on the concert scene.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

Most children are born at the local hospital. If one of the parents is a Norwegian citizen, the child will also automatically be registered as a Norwegian citizen. In Norway, parents receive child support; this is paid out until the child comes of age (18 years old). The child’s mother or father can receive child support. If the parents have agreed shared custody of the child, the child support can be split evenly between them. Foster parents, another carer or a child care institution may receive the child support if the child lives there permanently (for more than three months).

If you wish to receive child support, your child must be resident in Norway. If your child has resided in Norway for at least 12 consecutive months, the child will be considered to be a resident. There are separate rules for EEA citizens, and you will need to check with the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration to see what is relevant to you as an EEA citizen.

You must be 18 or older to get married. Church weddings and marriages performed by a registrar have equal status. Married parents have shared custody of their children. Lesbians and homosexuals may also marry in churches.

Unmarried cohabitants may also enter cohabitation contracts that provide legal security that is almost on a par with that of married couples.

Regardless of whether a person in the municipality is a member of the state church or not, the priest of the local parish will be informed in the event of their death, and will in most cases convey the notification of death to the next of kin, should the death be unknown to them. Funerals usually take place within 8 days of the death.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links:

The provision of public transport varies greatly between cities and rural areas. In cities there is good provision of both buses and trams, as well as an underground network in the capital, Oslo. In rural areas, there may be a long time between departure times, and you will have to plan your outbound and return journeys.

The Norwegian railway runs all the way from the south of the country to Bodø in the north. On the way north it crosses the Arctic Circle. Geographically, Bodø is about 300 km north of Norway’s geographical centre, so there is still a very large part of the country that does not have railway coverage. In addition to north to south links, there is also a train line between the two largest cities, Oslo and Bergen. In addition, the Ofoten Railway (Ofotbanen) is a train line between Narvik and Kiruna. The line was opened in 1903, and its purpose at the time was to allow ore to be shipped from Kiruna via the port of Narvik. The Ofoten Railway is often described as one of the most spectacular railway lines in the world, and was described by author Ernst Didring as ‘The Eighth Wonder of the World’.

Norway has 61 airports with a licence and technical/operational approval, including certification. The northernmost airport is located in Vardø, the southernmost in Kristiansand. The network of short runway airports in Norway was built in part with the aim of connecting smaller cities and towns with the main scheduled airports. Short runway airports are regional airports with a relatively small space for take-off and landing, typically 800-1500 metres. Today, Norway has 26 short take-off and landing airports. Ticket prices depend on journey length, departure time and not least where you are going in the country. In Norway, if possible, it is best to book your travel well in advance of the date you plan to fly, in order to secure the best price.

Roads are connected by ferry routes along Norway’s coast (especially the west coast). We advise mapping out your journey to see if it includes ferry trips so that you can obtain route plans that show departure times (if possible, check on the internet). Since 2022, it has been free to travel on some ferry services in Norway. The prices of ferry trips using services that are not free vary, but will probably be quite expensive if you travel with your car.

Taxis are usually quite easy to get hold of, and there is little need to order them in advance unless you are in a more rural area. It is advisable to ask about the rates/fare for your journey as the liberalisation of the taxi industry in Norway (from 1 November 2020) has had consequences in terms of prices and transparency.

Norway has a number of toll roads. The cost of these varies from place to place. Tolls have been chosen as a way to finance the upgrade of the Norwegian road network. As many tourists will have experienced, the quality of Norwegian roads varies considerably, and even though some might think it exotic, it can be tiring to drive on narrow, winding roads, especially for tourists in campervans. In the winter, Norwegian roads can naturally be icy and covered in snow, and you must ensure that your car is equipped for the conditions (if you are inexperienced at driving in winter conditions, you should do extra thorough research in advance before embarking on the trip).

Fines for speeding are generally high in Norway.

In addition, it is still appropriate to check the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's pages dedicated to information about the coronavirus in case measures are implemented again. It is the individual's responsibility to ensure that you act in line with the guidelines that apply from the authorities.

Links: